逻辑关系词英语-德语教育网

英语逻辑关系词

1.因果关系

因：because、because of、for、as、since、in that、on account of、with

果：so、so that、therefore、thereby、as a result、hence、thus、consequently、accordingly

因果关系除了传统意义上的显性因果表达词外,隐性的因果同样是不可忽略的一个重要部分.

隐性因果：

A 导致(因-果)：cause、reason、lead to、give rise to、result in、render、make、let、ask、push、

B 由…而来(果-因)：result from、derive from、originate from、initiate from、stem from、be

C 反映,体现(果-因)：reflect、present、demonstrate、suggest、imply

D 考虑到：given、considering、in view of、thanks to、according to

E 依赖于：rely on、depend on、resort to

F 条件关系：when、once、as soon as、As long as

G 分词短语,不定式做状语：Failing in the final exam,she cried.

2.对比转折关系

A 对比：while、whereas、on the other hand

B 转折：but、although、nevertheless、however

3.比较关系

A 同级比较 the same to

B 比较级：more than、-er than

C 变化：change、alter、vary、modify、revise、increase、decrease、enhance、diminish、develop、progress、advance、improve、retreat、degenerate、continue、remain

D 差异：different、distinguish、separate、same、similar、comparable、compare to

E 超越：surpass、exceed、excel、over

F 最高级,本身有最高级含义：maximum、minimum、peak、outstanding

G 本身程度比较深：amazing、surprising、astonishing、prohibitively

H 否定+比较=最高级 No one is more outstanding than him.

4.否定关系

显性否定：no、not、never、nor、none neither

隐形否定：fail to、refuse、remove、mi、reject、aence of、lack of

否定前缀：a-、ab-、dis-、il-、im-、in-、non-、un-否定前缀是词汇题中经常出的一个考点

双重否定：not fail to、not illegal、not uncommon、not unavailable双重否定是英文中经常运用的表达方式

英语（English）是印欧语系-日耳曼语族下的语言，由26个字母组合而成，英文字母渊源于拉丁字母，拉丁字母渊源于希腊字母，而希腊字母则是由腓尼基字母演变而来的。英语是国际指定的官方语言（作为母语），也是世界上最广泛的第一语言，英语包含约49万词，外加技术名词约30万个，是词汇最多的语言，也是欧盟以及许多国际组织以及英联邦国家的官方语言，拥有世界第三位的母语使用者人数，仅次于汉语和西班牙语母语使用者人数。

英语由古代从丹麦等斯堪的纳维亚半岛以及德国、荷兰及周边移民至不列颠群岛的盎格鲁、撒克逊以及朱特部落的白人所说的语言演变而来，并通过英国的殖民活动传播到了世界各地。由于在历史上曾和多种民族语言接触，它的词汇从一元变为多元，语法从“多屈折”变为“少屈折”，语音也发生了规律性的变化。在19至20世纪，英国以及美国在文化、经济、军事、政治和科学在世界上的领先地位使得英语成为一种国际语言。如今，许多国际场合都使用英语做为沟通媒介。

英语也是与电脑联系最密切的语言，大多数编程语言都与英语有联系，而且随着网络的使用，英文的使用更普及。英语是联合国的工作语言之一。苏格兰语、低地撒克逊语、丹麦语、德语、荷兰语、南非荷兰语和英语也很接近。拥有法国血统的诺曼人于11世纪征服英格兰王国，带来数万法语词汇和拉丁语词汇，很大程度地丰富了英语词汇外，相对也驱使不少原生的语汇作废。

1. 因果关系因：because、because of、for、as、since、in that、on account of、with果：so、so that、therefore、thereby、as a result、hence、thus、consequently、accordingly因果关系除了传统意义上的显性因果表达词外，隐性的因果同样是不可忽略的一个重要部分。隐性因果：A 导致(因-果)：cause、reason、lead to、give rise to、result in、render、make、let、ask、push、stimulate、fuel、produce如：The increased presures of expanding population have led to the removal of woody plants so that many cities and tow are surrounded by large areas completely lacking in trees。在这段话中，有lead to表示了导致的意思，即结果，而so that更进一步表示了后面的结果，所以可以充分判定这段话有因果关系的逻辑。B 由…而来(果-因)：result from、derive from、originate from、initiate from、stem from、be attributable to如：“The extreme serioue of desertification results from the vast areas of land and tremendous numbers of people affected，as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the proce。”在这段话中，根据result from可以推断出有因果关系，那如果是解释句子题时，选项中有因果关系就可以优先考虑。C 反映，体现(果-因)：reflect、present、demonstrate、suggest、implyD 考虑到：given、considering、in view of、thanks to、according toHe succeeded thanks to(in view of) his effort。E 依赖于：rely on、depend on、resort toHe resorted to books when he had problems。F 条件关系：when、once、as soon as、As long asAs soon as he got the money, he would leave the country at once。G 分词短语，不定式做状语：Failing in the final exam, she cried。2. 对比转折关系A 对比：while、whereas、on the other hand在解释句子题、插入句子题中，一旦出现对比关系，学生在掌握的基础上就能非常快速的判定句间和句内的关系。While、whereas 前后连接的是平行结构，on the other hand前必定有on one hand，可以用来把握句间关系。B 转折：but、although、nevertheless、however转折是英语四级阅读的一个经典考点之一，掌握这些转折词对考试非常有帮助。3. 比较关系A 同级比较 the same toB 比较级：more than、-er thanC 变化：change、alter、vary、modify、revise、increase、decrease、enhance、diminish、develop、progress、advance、improve、retreat、degenerate、continue、remainD 差异：different、distinguish、separate、same、similar、comparable、compare toE 超越：surpass、exceed、excel、overF 最高级，本身有最高级含义：maximum、minimum、peak、outstandingG 本身程度比较深：amazing、surprising、astonishing、prohibitivelyH 否定+比较=最高级 No one is more outstanding than him。从这句话中可以看出，否定加比较表示的是一种最高级关系。4. 否定关系显性否定：no、not、never、nor、none neither隐形否定：fail to、refuse、remove、mi、reject、aence of、lack of否定前缀：a-、ab-、dis-、il-、im-、in-、non-、un-否定前缀是词汇题中经常出的一个考点，把握否定前缀可以帮助考生把握一些生词，依靠否定前缀对选项进行一个排除。双重否定：not fail to、not illegal、not uncommon、not unavailable双重否定是英文中经常运用的表达方式，由于在平时中文对话中用的很少，随意对双重否定的把握就显得特别的重要。

句子结构在英语知识运用中主要体现在句子间的逻辑关系上，考生需要熟知各种常见的逻辑关系词。这些逻辑关系主要体现在一些连词、副词以及某些介词词组上。具体可以分为以下几类：表示转折/让步关系：but, however, nevertheless, whereas, although, despite, in spite of, still表示比较或对比关系：similarly, in the same way, likewise, whereas, in contrast to, rather than表示因果关系：because, since, now that, on account of, due to, on the ground of, accordingly, consequently, therefore, thus, hence表示并列关系：and, or表示举例与例证关系：for example, for instance, specially, such as, as follows表示强调关系：in fact, in particular, particularly, above all, undoubtedly, certainly表示顺承关系：in addition, furthermore, besides, likewise此外，逻辑关系不仅可以成为直接的考查对象，而且还可以利用这些逻辑关系寻找其他题目的解题线索。

英语文章中常见的逻辑关系 1.并列关系 and, and also, or, neither……nor, either……or, not only……but also, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say, as well as, same……as; 2.递进关系 also, then, besides, additionally, in addition, furthermore, moreover, what is more; indeed; 3.因果关系 because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…..that, such…..that, in order that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, in response to, on account of, because of, considering that, seeing that, in that, now that, lest, as a result, for this reason; 4.转折关系 but, however, yet, contrarily, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately; 5.让步关系 although, though, even though, even if, even, nevertheless, despite, in spite of; regardless of; anyway, anyhow 6.列举（顺序）关系 first\second\last of all, in the first place\in the second place\finally, to begin with\ to continue, first……then, on one hand……on the other hand, for one thing……for another, one……another, some……others……still others; 7.对比关系 while, whereas, as, / rather than, instead of, not….. but; 8.时间关系 when, whenever, before, after, since, as, while, until, till, simultaneously, meanwhile, in the meantime, at the same time; 9.条件关系 if, only if, if only, unless, otherwise, as soon as, as long as, in case, suppose that, supposing that, provided that, providing that, when, whenever, with; 10.举例关系 such as, for example, for instance, of (these, those, them), among (these, those, them), to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically speaking, namely

逻辑关系词英语

逻辑关系题在考研英语完型中，每年必考，考查题目数为2至8道，弄清句子之间逻辑关系的意义不仅在做对逻辑关系题，对全文理解及逻辑关系外的其它所有选项都具有指导意义。以下为完型十大逻辑关系及标志词，希望对考研考生具有一定参考意义。并列关系：标志词：and; and also; or; neither nor; either or; not only…but (also)…; in the same way; that is to say; similarly; likewise; equally; as well as， same…as;递进关系：标志词：also; then; besides; in addition; additionally; furthermore; what is more; moreover; indeed; apart from;above all因果关系：标志词：because; for; since; as; therefore; consequently; hence; so; thus; so…that; such… that; in order that; accordingly(因此;于是;相应地); due to; thanks to; as a result; in that(= because); now that(既然); because of; considering that， seeing that; in response to; for this reason;Eg. Now that you are grown up， you should not rely on your parents.转折关系：标志词：but; however; on the contrary; contrarily; by contrast; in contrast; conversely; instead of ; rather than; unlike， on the other hand; unfortunately;让步关系：标志词： although; though; even though; even; even if; nevertheless; despite; in spite of; while; as;Eg. While he loves his students， he is very strict with them.King as he was， he was not happy / Child as he is， he knows a lot.Hard though/as he tried， he failed.列举关系标志词 first\second\last of all; in the first place\in the second place\finally; to begin with\ to continue; first…then; on one hand…on the other hand; for one thing…for another; one…another; some…others…still others;对比关系标志词while; whereas ; as; instead of; rather than; not…but;时间关系标志词when; whenever， before; after; since; as; while; until; till; simultaneously; meanwhile; in the meantime， at the same time;条件关系标志词if; only if; if only; unless， otherwise; as soon as; as long as; providing that; provided that; on condition that; when; whenever; with;举例关系标志词such as， for example， for instance， of (these， those， them); among (these， those， them)， to illustrate， as an illustration， to take an example， more specifically speaking， namely总结：句子间的逻辑关系不仅在完型中及其重要，在阅读、写作中亦具重大意义。考生在复习真题时，应有意识地留意分析句子的逻辑词，了解英语文章行文逻辑，进而总结英语文章的总体结构特征。每天分享考研英语咨讯 wei xin hao xiner2975

英语逻辑连接词如下：

一、表示时间关系

从属连词（引导从句，表示句内逻辑）：

when，while, as（当……时）； since/ever since(自从……)；

till, until（直到……）； whenever/every time（每当……）;

before（在……前）, after（在……后）;

the day（在……那天）；once（一旦……），

as soon as, the moment, immediately, the instant, instantly, directly, the minute, the second, no sooner...than, hardly(scarcely)...when（一……就，刚要……就）等。

副词、介词（短语）及其他：

now，nowadays；at present，presently（此刻，眼下；马上，即将）,

currently，recently，lately（最近，近来）；

shortly，soon（不久；立刻，马上）；

from now/then on（从这时/那时起）；

meantime/in the meantime, meanwhile（同时，期间）；

at that time，then；once（曾，曾经）；

previously，formerly，in the past，earlier（以前，曾经）,

afterward，later，subsequently（后来，随后）；

as yet，so far（到目前为止）；at once(同时)，simultaneously(同时，同步)；

as from（自……起），previous to（先于……），following（在……以后）等。

二、表示列举、举例

first, second, third...; firstly, secondly, thirdly...finally; first, next, then..., last; in the first place, in the second place...; for one thing, for another thing...(一方面，另一方面；列举理由);

to begin/start with, to conclude；last but not the least，finally(最后)；

and then，next，and equally important（同样重要的是）；

for example/ for instance/e.g., such as；that is/i.e.；some...others...still others（一些……另外……还有……）；including等。

三、表示并列

并列连词（连接并列成分；可表示句内或句间的逻辑）：or，and, not only...but also...，both...and..., either...or(或者，或者)，neither...nor...（既不，也不）等。

副词、介词（短语）及其他：also, too, as well （as），once again/once more，vice versa（反之亦然）等。

四、表示递进、补充与强调

并列连词：and等。

副词、介词（短语）及其他：then，also/too, again,anyhow/anyway（无论如何），even, indeed（确实；其实，实际上）, further, furthermore, moreover, whats more（此外，而且）；

besides (that), in addition (to), additionally，best of all（最好的是），worst of all（最糟的是）, actually, in fact, in effect, above all（首先，最重要的是），most important，in particular，particularly(尤其，特别），especially, notably(尤其，特别)等。

五、表示让步与转折

1.表示让步：

从属连词：though/although，as，while/when（虽然，尽管），even if/though（即使），even now/then/so（尽管，虽然），whatever（无论什么），wherever（无论哪里），whoever（无论谁），however（无论怎样），

whichever（无论哪个）, whenever（无论何时），no matter...（不论），whether...or（不论……还是），granting/granted （that）（即使，就算），admitting (that), assuming (that)（即使），for all(that)(虽然，尽管)等。

副词、介词（短语）及其他：notwithstanding（虽然……，尽管……；尽管如此），still，yet， nevertheless，none the less，all/just the same，anyway, for all that（虽是这样，尽管如此），admittedly（诚然，无可否认）；

for anything，for (all) the world，for love or money，at all costs，at all events，at any rate/cost/risk，in any case/event/way，by all means，under all circumstances（无论如何，无论怎样）；

after all.../for all.../with all ones（faults，learning etc），in spite of/despite（the fact that）（虽然……，尽管……）等。

2.表示转折：

并列连词：but；从属连词：though等。

副词、介词（短语）及其他：however, yet，still，nevertheless, nonetheless，notwithstanding；instead(代替，反而), instead of（代替……）；not...but, rather than（而不是）；fortunately, unfortunately；in fact, in effect, otherwise（要不然）等。

六、表示比较

1.表示对比/相反：

并列连词：while，whereas（而，然而）（连接并列分句，表示分句间的对比）等。

副词、介词（短语）及其他：

conversely, on the contrary, contrarily，by contrast, in contrast (to)（相反的）；rather（相反，而是）；meanwhile/meantime/in the meantime，at the same time（同时，然而）；unlike（不像……），by/in comparison (with)（（与……）比较起来），

contrary to（与……相反），compared with/to...(与……相比较)，some...others...still others，on (the) one hand...on the other hand等。

2.表示相似：

连词：（not）the same as，（not） as...as...（not so...as）等。

副词、介词（短语）及其他：like, likewise, similarly, identically，equivalently，equally, correspondingly，in the same way等。

七、表示因果

1.表示原因：

并列连词：for（that）（因为）（常出现在句首，引出表示原因的分句）

从属连词：because, as（因为）, since（由于，既然）,now （that）（由于，既然）, in that（由于，在……某方面），granted(that)，seeing（that）(由于，既然)，given that，considering （that）（考虑到，因为），

on the grounds (s) that（由于）, for the reason that（由于）, for fear that（由于担心……，惟恐），lest（惟恐，担心），in as much as/inasmuch as（因为，鉴于）等。

副词、介词（短语）及其他：because of，due to, owing to, thanks to；given；on account of, in (the)light of, in view of（考虑到，鉴于……）, by/in virtue of（凭借，由于……），on grounds of, by reason of(=because of), for fear of等。

2.表示结果：

从属连词：so/that/so that（结果），so...that/such...that/to such a degree that /to such a extent that（如此……以至于）等。

副词、介词（短语）及其他：therefore, thus, hence, consequently（因此），accordingly（相应地，由此）；for this reason，on this account，in this way（因此，因此），as a result，as a consequence, in consequence, then（那么，既然如此）等。

八、表示条件

从属连词：if，unless（除非），as（so）long as（只要），so far as（只要）, on condition (that) （条件是）, provided/providing (that)（假如，在……条件下）, suppose/ supposing (that)（假定，假设）,

only if（只要，只有），if only（但愿，要是……就好了，接虚拟语气）, in case（that）（如果），in the event that（如果发生，万一）， but that（要不是，主句用虚拟）等。

副词、介词（短语）及其他：in that case (即然那样)，in case of, in the event of（如果发生，万一）；but for（要不是）,failing(如果不能，如果没有)等。

九、表示目的

从属连词：so that/ so that（为了，以便），lest（以防），in case（以防，以免），for fear that（以防），in order that（为了）等。

副词、介词（短语）及其他：for this reason, for this purpose,for the purpose of(为了……)， in order to, so as to；with a view to（旨在，目的是……）; for fear of（以免，以防……）等。

十、表示总结

in a word，in brief，in short，to conclude/in conclusion，to summarize/in summary/to sum up, altogether, overall，on the whole，all in all，generally speaking，generally，in general（总之，总的来说）；

in other words（换句话说），that is（也就是说），as has been said/stated（正如所述），in simpler terms，to put it simply（简单来说）,

finally, at last，in my opinion, as far as I know（在我看来）, as we all know（众所周知）, as I have shown（如我所述），of course，then,thus，therefore等。

十一、表示解释

namely（即，也就是说）, that is, in other words, frankly speaking（坦白地说）, to put it differently（换句话说）, in the case of...(这样，在这种情况下)等。

逻辑关系英文

logical relation英 [ˈlɔdʒikəl riˈleiʃən] 美 [ˈlɑdʒɪkəl rɪˈleʃən] 逻辑关系，逻辑关系式

英语中表示逻辑关系的词

英语文章中常见的逻辑关系1.并列关系and,andalso,or,neither……nor,either……or,notonly……butalso,likewise,similarly,equally,inthesameway,thatistosay,aswellas,same……as;2.递进关系also,then,besides,additionally,inaddition,furthermore,moreover,whatismore;indeed;3.因果关系because,for,since,as,thus,hence,therefore,so,so…..that,such…..that,inorderthat,consequently,accordingly,dueto,thanksto,inresponseto,onaccountof,becauseof,consideringthat,seeingthat,inthat,nowthat,lest,asaresult,forthisreason;4.转折关系but,however,yet,contrarily,onthecontrary,bycontrast,ontheotherhand,unfortunately;5.让步关系although,though,eventhough,evenif,even,nevertheless,despite,inspiteof;regardlessof;anyway,anyhow6.列举（顺序）关系first\second\lastofall,inthefirstplace\inthesecondplace\finally,tobeginwith\tocontinue,first……then,ononehand……ontheotherhand,foronething……foranother,one……another,some……others……stillothers;7.对比关系while,whereas,as,/ratherthan,insteadof,not…..but;8.时间关系when,whenever,before,after,since,as,while,until,till,simultaneously,meanwhile,inthemeantime,atthesametime;9.条件关系if,onlyif,ifonly,unless,otherwise,assoonas,aslongas,incase,supposethat,supposingthat,providedthat,providingthat,when,whenever,with;10.举例关系suchas,forexample,forinstance,of(these,those,them),among(these,those,them),toillustrate,asanillustration,totakeanexample,morespecificallyspeaking,namely

下面是我整理的一些英文写作中常用的逻辑词汇，希望对大家有帮助。

1. 并列关系

and, furthermore, more than that, also, likewise, moreover, in addition, what is more, for instance, for example

2. 转折关系

although, however, on the contrary, but, in spite of, nevertheless, yet, otherwise, despite

3. 顺序关系

first, second, third, and so on, then, after, before, next

4. 因果关系

as a result, for, thus, because, for this reason, so, therefore, as, since, consequently, on account of

5. 归纳关系

as a result, finally, therefore, accordingly, in short, thus, consequently, in conclusion, so, in brief, in a word

几个用得比较多的句子 :

As far as I am concerned, the advantages of … outweigh its , the disadvantages of … is undeniable.

To sum up/ In general/ On the whole/ In brief/ In short/ In a word, it is true that … bring about both positive and negative results. But we can try our best to reduce the negative influence to the least extent.

Obviously, in every aspect, …

This diagram unfolds a clear comparison between…and…

As to the other three, though the growth rates were not so high, they were indeed remarkable and impressive.

英文写作中常用的逻辑词汇相关文章：

1. 经典英文写作的必备句型

2. 英语写作亮点的表现方法

3. 英文写作开头结尾的万能公式

4. 英语写作20字诀

5. 考研英语写作常见过渡句精选总结

1.因果关系因：because、because of、for、as、since、in that、on account of、with 果：so、so that、therefore、thereby、as a result、hence、thus、consequently、accordingly 因果关系除了传统意义上的显性因果表达词外,隐性的因果同样是不可忽略的一个重要部分. 隐性因果： A 导致(因-果)：cause、reason、lead to、give rise to、result in、render、make、let、ask、push、stimulate、fuel、produce 如：The increased presures of expanding population have led to the removal of woody plants so that many cities and tow are surrounded by large areas completely lacking in trees. 在这段话中,有lead to表示了导致的意思,即结果,而so that更进一步表示了后面的结果,所以可以充分判定这段话有因果关系的逻辑. B 由…而来(果-因)：result from、derive from、originate from、initiate from、stem from、be attributable to 如：“The extreme serioue of desertification results from the vast areas of land and tremendous numbers of people affected,as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the proce.” 在这段话中,根据result from可以推断出有因果关系,那如果是解释句子题时,选项中有因果关系就可以优先考虑. C 反映,体现(果-因)：reflect、present、demonstrate、suggest、imply D 考虑到：given、considering、in view of、thanks to、according to He succeeded thanks to(in view of) his effort. E 依赖于：rely on、depend on、resort to He resorted to books when he had problems. F 条件关系：when、once、as soon as、As long as As soon as he got the money,he would leave the country at once. G 分词短语,不定式做状语：Failing in the final exam,she cried. 2.对比转折关系 A 对比：while、whereas、on the other hand 在解释句子题、插入句子题中,一旦出现对比关系,学生在掌握的基础上就能非常快速的判定句间和句内的关系.While、whereas 前后连接的是平行结构,on the other hand前必定有on one hand,可以用来把握句间关系. B 转折：but、although、nevertheless、however 转折是英语四级阅读的一个经典考点之一,掌握这些转折词对考试非常有帮助. 3.比较关系 A 同级比较 the same to B 比较级：more than、-er than C 变化：change、alter、vary、modify、revise、increase、decrease、enhance、diminish、develop、progress、advance、improve、retreat、degenerate、continue、remain D 差异：different、distinguish、separate、same、similar、comparable、compare to E 超越：surpass、exceed、excel、over F 最高级,本身有最高级含义：maximum、minimum、peak、outstanding G 本身程度比较深：amazing、surprising、astonishing、prohibitively H 否定+比较=最高级 No one is more outstanding than him. 从这句话中可以看出,否定加比较表示的是一种最高级关系. 4.否定关系显性否定：no、not、never、nor、none neither 隐形否定：fail to、refuse、remove、mi、reject、aence of、lack of 否定前缀：a-、ab-、dis-、il-、im-、in-、non-、un-否定前缀是词汇题中经常出的一个考点,把握否定前缀可以帮助考生把握一些生词,依靠否定前缀对选项进行一个排除. 双重否定：not fail to、not illegal、not uncommon、not unavailable双重否定是英文中经常运用的表达方式,由于在平时中文对话中用的很少,随意对双重否定的把握就显得特别的重要.

英语中常见的逻辑关系词

英语文章中常见的逻辑关系1.并列关系and,andalso,or,neither……nor,either……or,notonly……butalso,likewise,similarly,equally,inthesameway,thatistosay,aswellas,same……as;2.递进关系also,then,besides,additionally,inaddition,furthermore,moreover,whatismore;indeed;3.因果关系because,for,since,as,thus,hence,therefore,so,so…..that,such…..that,inorderthat,consequently,accordingly,dueto,thanksto,inresponseto,onaccountof,becauseof,consideringthat,seeingthat,inthat,nowthat,lest,asaresult,forthisreason;4.转折关系but,however,yet,contrarily,onthecontrary,bycontrast,ontheotherhand,unfortunately;5.让步关系although,though,eventhough,evenif,even,nevertheless,despite,inspiteof;regardlessof;anyway,anyhow6.列举（顺序）关系first\second\lastofall,inthefirstplace\inthesecondplace\finally,tobeginwith\tocontinue,first……then,ononehand……ontheotherhand,foronething……foranother,one……another,some……others……stillothers;7.对比关系while,whereas,as,/ratherthan,insteadof,not…..but;8.时间关系when,whenever,before,after,since,as,while,until,till,simultaneously,meanwhile,inthemeantime,atthesametime;9.条件关系if,onlyif,ifonly,unless,otherwise,assoonas,aslongas,incase,supposethat,supposingthat,providedthat,providingthat,when,whenever,with;10.举例关系suchas,forexample,forinstance,of(these,those,them),among(these,those,them),toillustrate,asanillustration,totakeanexample,morespecificallyspeaking,namely

1.因果关系因：because、because of、for、as、since、in that、on account of、with 果：so、so that、therefore、thereby、as a result、hence、thus、consequently、accordingly 因果关系除了传统意义上的显性因果表达词外,隐性的因果同样是不可忽略的一个重要部分. 隐性因果： A 导致(因-果)：cause、reason、lead to、give rise to、result in、render、make、let、ask、push、stimulate、fuel、produce 如：The increased presures of expanding population have led to the removal of woody plants so that many cities and tow are surrounded by large areas completely lacking in trees. 在这段话中,有lead to表示了导致的意思,即结果,而so that更进一步表示了后面的结果,所以可以充分判定这段话有因果关系的逻辑. B 由…而来(果-因)：result from、derive from、originate from、initiate from、stem from、be attributable to 如：“The extreme serioue of desertification results from the vast areas of land and tremendous numbers of people affected,as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the proce.” 在这段话中,根据result from可以推断出有因果关系,那如果是解释句子题时,选项中有因果关系就可以优先考虑. C 反映,体现(果-因)：reflect、present、demonstrate、suggest、imply D 考虑到：given、considering、in view of、thanks to、according to He succeeded thanks to(in view of) his effort. E 依赖于：rely on、depend on、resort to He resorted to books when he had problems. F 条件关系：when、once、as soon as、As long as As soon as he got the money,he would leave the country at once. G 分词短语,不定式做状语：Failing in the final exam,she cried. 2.对比转折关系 A 对比：while、whereas、on the other hand 在解释句子题、插入句子题中,一旦出现对比关系,学生在掌握的基础上就能非常快速的判定句间和句内的关系.While、whereas 前后连接的是平行结构,on the other hand前必定有on one hand,可以用来把握句间关系. B 转折：but、although、nevertheless、however 转折是英语四级阅读的一个经典考点之一,掌握这些转折词对考试非常有帮助. 3.比较关系 A 同级比较 the same to B 比较级：more than、-er than C 变化：change、alter、vary、modify、revise、increase、decrease、enhance、diminish、develop、progress、advance、improve、retreat、degenerate、continue、remain D 差异：different、distinguish、separate、same、similar、comparable、compare to E 超越：surpass、exceed、excel、over F 最高级,本身有最高级含义：maximum、minimum、peak、outstanding G 本身程度比较深：amazing、surprising、astonishing、prohibitively H 否定+比较=最高级 No one is more outstanding than him. 从这句话中可以看出,否定加比较表示的是一种最高级关系. 4.否定关系显性否定：no、not、never、nor、none neither 隐形否定：fail to、refuse、remove、mi、reject、aence of、lack of 否定前缀：a-、ab-、dis-、il-、im-、in-、non-、un-否定前缀是词汇题中经常出的一个考点,把握否定前缀可以帮助考生把握一些生词,依靠否定前缀对选项进行一个排除. 双重否定：not fail to、not illegal、not uncommon、not unavailable双重否定是英文中经常运用的表达方式,由于在平时中文对话中用的很少,随意对双重否定的把握就显得特别的重要.