side effect是什么意思 负面效应

大家好，今天小编来为大家解答side effect是什么意思这个问题，负面效应很多人还不知道，现在让我们一起来看看吧！

Readerquestion:

Pleaseexplain“sideeffectofTrumpism”,asin:AsideeffectofTrumpismisthatfewerpeoplearecomingtotheUnitedStatesastourists.

Firstofall,TrumpismreferstotheideologyofDonaldTrump,PresidentoftheUnitedStates,“ism”beingaphilosophyorasystemofideasofagroupofpeopleorofamovement.

Trumpism,inotherwords,iswhatTrumpstandsfor.

WhatdoesTrumporTrumpismstandsfor,then?

PerhapsAmericaFirst,whateverthatmeans.OrperhapsMAGA,MakeAmericaGreatAgain?BuildaborderwallbetweentheUSandMexicoandhaveMexicanspayforit?Allowingwhitepeopletokneelonthenecksofblackpeopleagain?

Fortunately,we’reheretotalkabout“asideeffectofTrumpism”.

That’stheindirectorunintendedconsequenceofTrumpism,“sideeffect”beingtheeffectorconsequencethathappensontheSIDE,alongsidethemainorintendedeffect.

Sideeffectisoriginallyamedicaltermdescribingwhatalsohappensifyoutakeapillinordertocureacertaindiseaseorillness.

Inmedicine,sideeffectiseasytoexplainandunderstand.Forexample,youtakeapainkillerpilltoalleviateaheadache.Thenafterward,forthenextfewhoursorsoyoufeellikeconstantlywantingtovomitandthrowup.Thatfeelingofnausea,hence,isasideeffect.

Inourexample,tourismisdescribedasasideeffectofTrumpism.Similartothewaythatnauseaisasideeffectofapainkillerpill,fewertouristsarecomingtotheUnitedStatestovisitbecauseTrump’sAmericamakesthemfeelnauseatedoratanyrateunwelcome.

Chineseparents,forexample,arecertainlyhesitatingtosendtheirkidstoAmericaforstudyrightnow.CallitanothersideeffectofTrumpism.

Inshort,Trumpismisabitterpilltoswallowformany.

Anyways,herearemediaexamplesof“sideeffect”inthefigurativesense:

1Oneofthelesser-knownsideeffectsofthecomingSupremeCourtrulingonObamacare:ifcertainstatesenduplosinghealth-insurancesubsidies,employersinthosestateswillfacenopenaltyforfailingtoprovidecoverage.

ThecaseknownasKingv.Burwell--whichgoesbeforethehighcourtonWednesdayforarguments--centersaroundwhetherthe34statesthatusethefederalHealthCare.govhealthexchangeareentitledtosubsidiesintheformoftaxcreditsiftheAffordableCareActsayssuchaidcanbeofferedforpoliciespurchasedthroughexchanges“establishedbytheState.”

ItisthosefourwordsthataretheboneofcontentionaspetitionerssayitexcludesanystateusingthefederalHealthCare.govexchange.Respondentswhosupportthelawmaintainpetitionersaren'treadingthepassageincontextwiththeentirelaw.

Ifthesubsidiesarewipedout,though,thenextdominotofallinthosestateswouldbetheso-called“employermandate,”whichisakeyprovisionofthelawrequiringanycompanywith50ormorefull-timeemployeestooffercoverage.Iftheemployermandatewerestruckdown,itwouldfurtherunderminethemassivehealth-careinitiativethathasbeenthehallmarkofPresidentObama’sterminoffice.

“Theeconomicunderpinningsofthislawunravelveryquickly”withoutthestatesubsidies,saysBrianPinheiro,anattorneywithPhiladelphia-basedBallardSpahrwhospecializesinemployee-benefitscases.

-Onelesser-known,buthugesideeffectofObamacareruling,MarketWatch.com,March2,2015.

2ThisweektheHouseofCommonswillfinallygetanopportunitytovoteonhundredsofLordsamendmentstotheEUWithdrawalBill.

MostoftheattentionhasbeenonamendmentstokeeptheUKinacustomsunionandtoensureparliamenthasameaningfulvoteonourfuturerelationshipwiththeEUattheendofthenegotiations.TheseareimportantissuesonwhichLabourhasledtheway,butlessattentionhasbeengiventoanotherLabourpriority:wearedeterminedtokeeptheprotectionsoftheEUCharterofFundamentalRightsforUKcitizensafterBrexit.

InordertopreservelegalcontinuityandcertaintyafterweleavetheEU,theWithdrawalBillwilltranslateallEUlawintoUKlaw.ButwhilethePrimeMinisterhasrepeatedlyclaimedthathergovernmentwillnotuseBrexittodismantlecitizens’rightsandprotections,theonecomponentofEUlawthatherBillwillnottransferacrossistheCharterofFundamentalRights.

TheCharterhasthreekeyfunctions.First,itcodifiesinoneplaceaclearsetofpolitical,socialandeconomicrightsthatcitizenscanrelyon.Thisenablesustobetterunderstandandmoreeasilydefendthoserights,collectedastheyareinonedocumentratherthanscatteredacrossthousandsofpagesoflegislationandcaselaw.

Second,itsupplementstherightsenshrinedintheEuropeanConventiononHumanRightsandtheUK’sownHumanRightsAct,developingexistingprotectionssuchastherighttoequaltreatmentandaddingnewones.The“righttobeforgotten”,forexample,allowspeopletoremovehistoricdatarelatingtothemfromappearinginsearchengineresults,demonstratingtheCharter’sabilitytokeepourrightsup-to-dateastimeschange.

Third,theCharteractsasakeytoallotherEUlaw,providinglegalcertaintyforclaimants,defendants,andjudgesalike.MaintainingtheCharterinUKlawwouldpreventneedlesslitigationtoestablishwhetherrightsfrombeforeBrexitcouldbereliedonintheUKafterit.

Sincethereferendum,LabourhasrecognisedtheCharter’simportanceandhasfoughtagainstaBrexitdealthatstripsawayitsprotections.Andonthis,Labourisnotalone.TheHouseofLordspassedanamendmenttokeeptheCharterlastmonthandearlierthisyearajointreportbyAmnestyInternationalandLibertydecriedthegovernment’s“extraordinarystepofcopyingandpastingtheentiretyofEUlawintodomesticlaw,butleavingitskeyhumanrightscomponentbehind”.

Thoseorganisationsalsoagreedwithalegalexpert’sindependentanalysisfortheEqualityandHumanRightsCommission,whichconcludedthatexcludingtheCharter“willleadtoasignificantweakeningofthecurrentsystemofhumanrightsprotectionintheUK”.Thisisacompletelyunacceptableside-effectofleavingtheEU.

-TheunacceptablesideeffectofBrexit:MPsmustsavetheEUCharterofFundamentalRights,NewStatesman.com,June11,2018.

3AnAlzheimer’sSocietyinvestigationrevealstheshockingsideeffectoflockdownonthesymptomsofpeoplewithdementia.

Involvingalmost2,000respondentsaffectedbydementia,itshowsthatsincebeingforcedtostayisolatedandinsidetheirhomes,morethanfourinfive(82%)reportedadeteriorationinpeoplewithdementia’ssymptoms.

Ofthosewhohadseenadecline,aroundhalfreportedincreasedmemoryloss(50%)anddifficultyconcentrating(48%).Morethanoneinfour(27%)saidreadingandwritinghasbecomemoredifficult,andoneinthreesaidthesameforspeakingandunderstandingspeech(33%).Worryingly,morethanaquarterhadseenalossintheabilitytododailytasks,likecookingordressing(28%).

Thecoronaviruspandemichashitpeoplewithdementiathehardest,bothintermsofdeathsfromthevirusitself,andfromahugeincreasein‘unexplained’non-virus-relateddeaths,totallingover13,000additionaldeathsbetweenMarchandJune.

Theknock-oneffectoflockdownisinterruptionsandsuspensionstohealthandsocialcareservices,upendedroutines,carehomevisitorrestrictionsandaprolongedperiodofsocialisolationforpeoplewithdementia.

ThefindingsconfirmwhatthecharityhasheardsinceMarchthroughitsDementiaConnectsupportline,withsymptomdeteriorationthesecondmostcommonreasonforcallsbehindmentalhealthimpact.Itunderlinesthevitalroleofsocialcontactinkeepingpeoplewithdementiawell.Sincelockdownbegan,thecharity’ssupportserviceshavebeenusedmorethanhalfamilliontimes,providingalifelinetothousandsofpeople.

Withalmostathird(29%)ofpeoplewithdementiaalsoreportingthatthepandemichashadanegativeeffectonotheraspectsoftheirphysicalhealthorunderlyingconditions,thecharityfearsafurthertragiclossoflife,especiallyintheeventofasecondcoronaviruswaveoverwinter.

Lockdownisolationcausesshockinglevelsofdeclineforpeoplewithdementia,Alzheimers.org.uk,July30,2020.

本文仅代表作者本人观点，与本网立场无关。欢迎大家讨论学术问题，尊重他人，禁止人身攻击和发布一切违反国家现行法律法规的内容。

ZhangXinisTraineratchinadaily.com.cn.HehasbeenwithChinaDailysince1988,whenhegraduatedfromBeijingForeignStudiesUniversity.Writehimat:zhangxin@chinadaily.com.cn,orraiseaquestionforpotentialuseinafuturecolumn.

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