ibz@admin888 2017年12月英语四级真题
第一部分写作（25 分钟）
说明： 在这一部分，你可以写一篇简短的30分钟的文章，讲述如何最好地处理医患关系。您必须写至少120 字且不超过180 字。
第二部分听力理解（25 分钟）
A部分
说明： 在本节中，您将听到三个新闻报道。在每篇新闻报道的最后，你都会听到两到三个问题。新闻报道和提问都只讲一次。听完问题后，你必须选择：从标有A)、B)、C)、D) 的四个选项中选择最合适的答案，并在答卷1 上用一条穿过中心的线标记相应的字母。
问题1和2是根据你刚才听到的新闻报道提出的。
1. A) 她的朋友艾丽卡C) 她的祖父。
B) 她的兄弟D) 她的祖母。
2. A) 给路人拍照。 C) 卖柠檬水和图片。
B) 在医院兼职D) 在社交媒体上寻求帮助
问题3和4是根据你刚才听到的新闻报道提出的。
3. A) 找到一种更便宜的方式来修建高速公路。
B) 为过往车辆发电。
C) 为500万人提供清洁能源。
D) 测试新型太阳能电池板的效率。
4. A) 能够承受自然因素的磨损。
B) 可以直接铺设在现有高速公路的顶部。
C) 它只有约0.5 英寸厚。
D）它是由廉价的材料制成的。
问题5至7是根据你刚才听到的新闻报道得出的。
5. A) 该地区无休止的战斗C) 研究经费不足。
B) 来自沙漠的危险D) 缺乏有关物种的线索
6. A) 在两个国家公园观察野生动物。
B) 确定狮子消失的原因。
C) 调查苏丹和埃塞俄比亚的狮子栖息地。
D）找到“迷失的狮子”存在的证据。
7. A) 狮子行走C) 一些露营设施。
B) 狮子足迹D) 当地猎人设置的陷阱。
B部分
描述：在本节中您将听到两个长对话。在每次对话结束时，您都会听到四个问题。对话和问题都只说一次。听完问题后，您必须选择最佳答案。从标记为A)、B)、C)、D) 的四个选项中进行选择，并在答题纸1 上用一条穿过中心的线标记相应的字母。
问题8 至11 基于您刚刚听到的对话。
8. A) 她的“幸运生日” C) 她的结婚纪念日。
B) 她父亲打来的电话D) 一个男人送的特别礼物。
9. A) 送她一架大飞机模型C) 带她出国旅行
B) 我给她买了一条漂亮的项链D) 我为她举办了一个惊喜派对。
10. A) 她丈夫买的礼物。
B) 她丈夫计划的一次旅行。
C) 这让她的丈夫烦恼。
D) 她的丈夫和那个男人正在做什么。
11. A) 他很乐意带领这对夫妇去度假。
B) 如果丈夫同意，他会告诉女人们这个秘密。
C) 他想知道这对夫妇的假期会怎样。
D) 他想了解这对夫妇的假期计划。
问题12 至15 基于您刚刚听到的对话。
12. A) 他们对谈判的动态很敏感。
B) 他们了解妥协的重要性。
C) 他们知道什么时候该强硬。
D) 他们考虑竞争对手的态度。
13. A) 他们知道如何适应C) 他们知道何时妥协。
B) 知道何时停止D) 知道如何控制自己的情绪。
14. A) 他们很有耐心C) 他们学习速度很快。
B) 他们善于表达自己D) 他们坚持自己的原则。
15. A) 明确您的意图C) 制定策略
B) 澄清谈判项目D) 了解对方
C部分
说明： 在本节中，您将听到三个段落。在每段文章的结尾，你会听到三到四个问题。段落和问题都是纯音频。
听完问题后，从标有A)、B)、C)、D) 的四个选项中选择最佳答案，并在答题纸1 上用一条穿过中心的线标记相应的字母。
第16 至18 题是根据您刚才听到的段落而提出的。
16. A) 美国最早的太空计划开始的时间。
B）国际空间站建成的时间。
C) 航天飞机执行了多少次任务？
D) 太空研究如何使地球上的人们受益？
17. A) 他们准确地计算了轨道航天飞机的速度。
B) 他们开发了供宇航员在外太空使用的物体。
C) 他们力求满足宇航员的具体要求。
D) 他们试图充分利用最新技术。
18. A) 非常准确C) 首次在太空中创建。
B) 制造成本昂贵D) 它是在20 世纪70 年代发明的。
第19 至21 题是基于我们刚才听到的这段话。
19. A) 那是她的祖先来到美国的时候。
B) 那时，人们有很多土地可以耕种。
C) 它标志着新事物的开始。
D) 那时一切都是自然而真实的。
20. A) 他们相信要努力实现目标C) 他们有各种各样的娱乐活动。
B) 他们享受轻松的生活D) 他们以富有创造力而闻名。
21. A) 与你的祖先聊天C) 擦亮你所有的银器。
B) 布置乡间别墅D) 在火边做针线活。
第22 至25 题是基于您刚刚听到的段落。
22. A) 使用地图来定位自己的位置C) 坐下来，让自己平静下来。
B) 向家人和朋友寻求帮助D) 尝试原路返回。
23. A) 你可能会在不知不觉中找到出路。
B) 您可能会面临意想不到的危险。
C) 你可能会在突如其来的洪水中被淹死。
D) 你可能会进入一个仙境。
24. A) 寻找食物C) 生火。
B) 耐心等待D) 步行上坡。
25. A) 让别人知道您的计划C) 检查当地天气
B) 确保有足够的食物和饮料D) 找到地图和指南针。
第三部分阅读理解（40 分钟）
A部分
指令： 本节包含一段有10 个空格的段落。您必须从该段落后面的单词库中的选项列表中为每个空白选择一个单词。请在做出选择之前仔细阅读该段落。银行由字母标识。在答题卡2 上每一项对应的字母上用中间划线标记。银行中的单词不能多次使用。
老鼠和鸽子可能不是照顾病人的明显选择，但这些生物拥有大约26 种可以帮助治疗人类疾病的技能。
鸽子通常被视为肮脏的城市鸟类，但它们只是被发现有能力帮助人类的众多动物中最新的一种。它们拥有非常令人印象深刻的29__ 记忆，最近的研究表明，它们可以通过训练，像人类一样准确地检测图像中的乳腺癌。
老鼠往往在30岁而不是31岁时发病，但这种长尾动物已经32岁了。老鼠的鼻子里有多达1000 个不同的嗅觉受体，而人类只有100 到200 个。这赋予了老鼠以下能力： __33 检测气味。因此，老鼠也被用来检测结核病（结核病）。当老鼠闻到气味时，它们会停下来摩擦爪子，确认样本被感染。
传统上，实验室技术人员需要两天多的时间才能将100 个样本转换为35 个样本，但对于老鼠来说，只需不到20 分钟。这种老鼠检测方法不依赖专门的设备。它也更准确。老鼠可以：检测更多结核感染并挽救更多生命。
A) 相关I) 轻微
B) 检查J) 识别
C)表明K)更好。
D) 滋扰L) 可疑
E) 顶点M) 尖端
F) 预防N) 治疗
G) 禁止O) 目视
H) 敏感
B部分
说明： 在本节中，您将阅读一段附有10 个陈述的段落。每条语句都包含其中一个段落中指定的信息。请标明该信息来自哪个段落。段落可以被选择多次。每条语句都包含其中一个段落中列出的信息。段落有字母。通过在答题卡2 上标记相应的字母来回答问题。
通过进行课堂考试鼓励学生更加努力地学习
研究表明，他们可能不会寻找答案，而是会进行更广泛的研究，为意外情况做好准备。
[A] 我考试成绩一直不好。因此，我回到大学完成近40 年前留下的学位似乎很奇怪。我的目标是进入哥伦比亚大学，周围有以下学生。当我处理问题时，请立即口头回答。
[B] 由于您无法避免考试，因此您目前想知道哪些考试最费力，但最终最有益。有的教授已经在课堂上进行了无数期中和期末考试的努力，现在出题。 -家里的事情。当我发现这一点时，我很兴奋地想到我必须花整整一周的时间来研究、阅读文本并把它们全部写下来。事实上，期中考试到期的那天早上我还在重写期中考试。至少可以说我的线程已经用完了。
[C] 经过一周的焦虑、对内容的过度思考以及对自己理解的反思，我对学生和教授进行了一些自己的调查。在哥伦比亚大学教授有关美国总统的热门课程的戴维·艾森巴赫(David Eisenbach) 说：他相信学生最终会学到更多，并鼓励他们组建学习小组。 “这样，学生就可以在课外就历史进行互动，如果没有课堂考试的压力，这是不可能发生的，”他说。 “此外，课堂考试要求学生学习如何在压力下表现。
and essential work skill.\" [D] He also says there is less chance of cheating with the in-class variety. In 2012, 125 students at Harvard were caught up in a scandal when it was discovered they had cheated on a take-home exam for a class entitled \"Introduction To Congress.\" Some colleges have what they call an \"honor code,\" though if you are smart enough to get into these schools, you are either smart enough to get around any codes or hopefully, too ethical to consider doing so. As I sat blocked and clueless for two solid days, I momentarily wondered if I couldn't just call an expert on the subject matter which I was tackling, or someone who took the class previously, to get me going. [E] Following the Harvard scandal, Mary Miller, the former dean of students at Yale, made an impassioned appeal to her school's professors to refrain from take-hone exams. \"Students risk health and well being, as well as performance in other end-of-term work, when faculty offers take-home exams without clear, time-limited boundaries,\" she told me. \"Research now shows that regular quizzes, short essays, and other assignments over the course of a term better enhance learning and retention.\" [F] Most college professors agree the kind of exam they choose largely depends on the subject. A quantitative-based one, for example, is unlikely to be sent home, where one could ask their older brothers and sisters to help. Vocational-type classes, such as computer science or journalism, on the other hand, are often more research-oriented and lend themselves to take-home testing. Chris Koch, who teaches \"History of Broadcast Journalism\" at Montgomery Community College in Rockville, Maryland, points out that reporting is about investigation rather than the memorization of minute details. \"In my field, it's not what you know—it's what you know how to find out,\" says Koch. \"There is way too much information, and more coming all the time, for anyone to remember. I want my students to search out the answers to questions by using all the resources available to them. [G] Students' test-form preferences vary, too, often depending on the subject and course difficulty. \"I prefer take-home essays because it is then really about the writing, so you have time to edit and do more research,\" says Elizabeth Dresser, a junior at Barnard. Then there is the stress factor. Francesca Haass, a senior at Middlebury, says, \"I find the in-class ones are more stressful in the short term, but there is immediate relief as you swallow information like mad, and then you get to forget it all. Take-homes require thoughtful engagement which can lead to longer term stress as there is never a moment when the time is up.\" Meanwhile, Olivia Rubin, a sophomore at Emory, says she hardly even considers take-homes true exams. \"If you understand the material and have the ability to articulate (说出) your thoughts, they should be a breeze.\" [H] How students ultimately handle stress may depend on their personal test-taking abilities. There are people who always wait until the last minute, and make it much harder than it needs to be. And then there those who, not knowing what questions are coming at them, and having no resources to refer to, can freeze. And then there are we rare folks who fit both those descriptions. [I] Yes, my advanced age must factor into the equation (等式), in part because of my inability to access the information as quickly. As another returning student at Columbia, Kate Marber, told me, \"We are learning not only all this information, but essentially how to learn again. Our fellow students have just come out of high school. A lot has changed since we were last in school.\" [J] If nothing else, the situation has given my college son and me something to share, When I asked his opinion on this matter, he responded, \"I like in-class exams because the time is already reserved, as opposed to using my free time at home to work on a test,\" he responded. It seems to me that a compromise would be receiving the exam questions a day or two in advance, and then doing the actual test in class the ticking clock overhead. [K] Better yet, how about what one Hunter College professor reportedly did recently for her final exam: She encouraged the class not to stress or even study, promising that, \"It is going to be a piece of cake.\" When the students came in, sharpened pencils in hand, there was not a blue book in sight. Rather, they saw a large chocolate cake and they each were given a slice. 36. Elderly students find it hard to keep up with the rapid changes in education. 37. Some believe take-home exams may affect students' performance in other courses. 38. Certain professors believe in-class exams are ultimately more helpful to students. 39. In-class exams are believed to discourage cheating in exams. 40. The author was happy to learn she could do some exams at home. 41. Students who put off their work until the last moment often find the exams more difficult than they actually are. 42. Different students may prefer different types of exams. 43. Most professors agree whether to give an in-class or a take-home exam depends on type of course being taught. 44. The author dropped out of college some forty years ago. 45. Some students think take-home exams will eat up their free time. Section C Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage. That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the \"first-night\" effect. If a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly. Yuka Sasaki and her colleagues at Brown University set out to investigate the origins of this effect. Dr. Sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how humans evolved. The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it when performance might be affected the following day. She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators (捕食者). This led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing. To take a closer look, her team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environment of the university's Department of Psychological Sciences. The participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains. Dr. Sasaki found, as expected, the participants slept less well on their first night than they did on their second, taking more than twice as long to fall asleep and sleeping less overall. During deep sleep, the participants' brains behaved in a similar manner seen in birds and dolphins. On the first night only, the left hemispheres (半球) of their brains did not sleep nearly as deeply as their right hemispheres did. Curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process information detected in the surrounding environment, Dr. Sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鸣声) of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night. She worked out that, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones. This is precisely what she found. 46. What did researchers find puzzling about the first-night effect A) To what extent it can trouble people. C) What circumstances may trigger it. B) What role it has played in evolution. D) In what way it can be beneficial. 47. What do we learn about Dr. Yuka Sasaki doing her research A) She found birds and dolphins remain alert while asleep. B) She found birds and dolphins sleep in much the same way. C) She got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphins D) She conducted studies on birds' and dolphins' sleeping patterns. 48. What did Dr. Sasaki do when she first did her experiment A) She monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a new environment. B) She recruited 35 participants from her Department of Psychological Sciences. C) She studied the differences between the two sides of participants' brains. D) She tested her findings about birds and dolphins on human subjects. 49. What did Dr. Sasaki do when re-running her experiment A) She analyzed the negative effect of irregular tones on brains. B) She recorded participants' adaptation to changed environment. C) She exposed her participants to two different stimuli. D) She compared the responses of different participants. 50. What did Dr. Sasaki find about the participants in her experiment A) They tended to enjoy certain tones more than others. B) They tended to perceive irregular beeps as a threat. C) They felt sleepy when exposed to regular beeps. D) They differed in their tolerance of irregular tones. Passage Two Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage. It's time to reevaluate how women handle conflict at work. Being overworked or over-committed at home and on the job will not get you where you want to be in life. It will only slow you down and hinder your career goals. Did you know women are more likely than men to feel exhausted Nearly twice as many women than men ages 18-44 reported feeling \"very tired\" or \"exhausted\", according to a recent study. This may not be surprising given that this is the age range when women have children. It's also the age range when many women are trying to balance careers and home. One reason women may feel exhausted is that they have a hard time saying \"no.\" Women want to be able todo it all volunteer for school parties or cook delicious meals-and so their answer to any request is often \"Yes, I can.\" Women struggle to say \"no\" in the workplace for similar reasons, including the desire to be liked by their colleagues. Unfortunately, this inability to say \"no\" may be hurting women's heath as well as their career. At the workplace, men use conflict as a way to position themselves, while women often avoid conflict or strive to be the peacemaker, because they don't want to be viewed as aggressive or disruptive at work. For example, there's a problem that needs to be addressed immediately, resulting in a dispute over should be the one to fix it. Men are more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of what benefits them most, whereas women may approach the same dispute from the perspective of what's the easiest and quickest way to resolve the problem-even if that means doing the boring work themselves. This difference in handling conflict could be the deciding factor on who gets promoted to a leadership position and who does not. Leaders have to be able to delegate and manage resources wisely – including staff expertise. Shouldering more of the workload may not earn you that promotion. Instead, it may highlight your inability to delegate effectively. 51. What does the author say is the problem with women A) They are often unclear about the career goals to reach. B) They are usually more committed at home than on the job. C) They tend to be over-optimistic about how far they could go. D) They tend to push themselves beyond the limits of their ability. 52. Why do working women of child-bearing age tend to feel drained of energy A) They struggle to satisfy the demands of both work and home. B) They are too devoted to work and unable to relax as a result. C) They do their best to cooperate with their workmates. D) They are obliged to take up too many responsibilities. 53. What may hinder the future prospects of career women A) Their unwillingness to say \"no\". B) Their desire to be considered powerful. C) An underestimate of their own ability. D) A lack of courage to face challenges. 54. Men and woman differ in their approach to resolving workplace conflicts in that______. A) women tend to be easily satisfied B) men are generally more persuasive C) men tend to put their personal interests first D) women are much more ready to compromise 55. What is important to a good leader A) A dominant personality. C) The courage to admit failure B) The ability to delegate. D) A strong sense of responsibility. Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2. 泰山位于山东省西部。海拔1500余米,方圆约400平方公里。泰山不仅雄伟壮观,而且是一座历史文化名山,过去3000多年一直是人们前往朝拜的地方。据记载,共有72位帝王曾来此游览。许多作家到泰山获取灵感,写诗作文,艺术家也来此绘画。山上因此留下了许许多多的文物古迹。泰山如今已成为中国一处主要的旅游景点。
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