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CausativeVerbs:Have,Get,Make,Let,Help
Causativeverbsareverbsthatweusetoindicatethatsomeoneorsomethingcausessomethingtohappen.
使役动词是用来表示某人或某事导致某事发生的动词。中文经常翻译成“使”,“让”,“令”,“帮”等含义。
BasicConceptofCausativeVerbs
使役动词的基本概念:
●Subjectcontrolsthewholesituation.
◆Someoneiscausingsomethingtohappeneitherbyasking,convincingorpaying,mostlypaying.
◆某人通过要求、劝说或支付费用(主要指支付费用)致使某事发生。
◆Therearetwodifferentstructuresdependingonwhethertheobjectisapersonorathing:
◆根据宾语是人还是物,有两种不同的结构:
◇havesomethingdone(notnecessarilyindicatingwhoperformstheaction)未指明谁做了这件事
◇havesomeonedosomething(makingitclearwhoperformstheaction)指明了谁做了这件事
★Iironmyshirtseveryweek.(Idothework.)
★我每周都会熨衬衣。(我自己做这件事)
★Ihavemyshirtsironedeveryweek.(Ipaysomeoneelsetodothework.)
★我每周都让人给我熨衬衫。(我付钱让别人来做这件事)
★Iwillhavemyassistantcallyoutorescheduletheappointment.
★我会让我的助手给你打电话,重新安排预约时间。
★Ihavemystudentsputtheirhomeworkonmydeskbeforethelessonstarts.
★我让学生在上课前把作业放到我的桌子上。
★Mywashingmachineisbroken;Ineedtohaveitrepaired.
★我的洗衣机坏了;我需要让人把它修好。
★I’mgoingtohavemywisdomteethremovedtomorrow.
★I’mgoingtohavemyhaircuttomorrow.
◆Ascausativeverbs,HAVEandGETcanbeusedinterchangeably.TheonlyrealdifferenceisthatHAVEisabitmoreformalthanGETandGETneedsmorepersuasionthanHAVE.
◆作使役动词时,HAVE和GET可以互换使用。但是,HAVE比GET更正式一些,GET比HAVE需要更多的劝说来做某件事。
◆Therearetwodifferentstructuresdependingonwhethertheobjectisapersonorathing.
◆根据宾语是人还是物,有两种不同的结构:
◇getsomethingdone
◇getsomeonetodosomething
◇lessformal没那么正式andneedmorepersuasion需要更多的劝说
★她让一个机械师修好了她的车。
★Itdidn'ttakemuchpersuasiontogethertotelluswherehewas.
★没费什么口舌就让她说出了他的下落。
★Wegotalawyertolookoverthecontract.
★我们找了一位律师来审查这份合同。
★IgotAndytocometothedoctorswithme.
★Ican’tgetmyone-year-oldsontosleep.
★Howcanwegetalltheemployeestoarriveontime?
★Howdoyougetyourstudentstolistentoyou?
◆forceorrequiresomeonetodosomething强迫或要求某人做某事orcausesomethingtohappen致使某事发生
◆makesomeonedosomething
★Therobbersmadethesecurityguardgivethemthecode.
★Thebadweathermadeusalterourplans.
★恶劣的天气迫使我们改变了计划。
★Themoviemademecry.(causesomethingtohappen)
Note:force/requiresomeoneTODOsomething
★Theschoolrequiresthestudentstowearuniforms.
★Thehijackerforcedthepilotstotaketheplaneinadifferentdirection.
★劫持者强迫飞行员把飞机开往不同的方向。
◆permitsomeonetodosomethingorallowsomethingtohappen
◆允许某人做某事、让某事发生
◆letsomeone/somethingdosomething
★Myprofessorletususeourphonesduringthetest.
★教授允许我们在考试期间用手机。
★Cathy’sfatherwon’tletheradoptapuppybecauseshe’sallergictodogs.
★凯西的父亲不让她养小狗,因为她对狗过敏。
★Idon’tletmykidswatchviolentmovies.
★我不允许我的孩子看暴力电影。
★Don’tlettheadvertisingexpensessurpass$1,000.
★Whenyouopenabottleofwine,letitbreathefor30minutesbeforedrinking.
★打开一瓶葡萄酒,先让它醒30分钟,然后再喝。
Note:ALLOWandPERMITaremoreformalwaystosayLET.
注意:ALLOW和PERMIT比LET更正式。
Thestructure:allow/permitsomeonetodosomething
★Idon’tallowmykidstowatchviolentmovies.
★我不允许我的孩子看暴力电影。
★Cathy’sfatherwon’tpermithertoadoptapuppybecauseshe’sallergictodogs.
★凯西的父亲不让她养小狗,因为她对狗过敏。
◆assistsomeoneindoingsomething
◆帮助某人做某事
◆helpsomeonedosomething(morefrequentlyused使用频率更高)
◆helpsomeonetodosomething
★Readingbeforebedhelpsme(to)relax.
★Andyhelpedhisfriend(to)movehouse.
★Myhusbandalwayshelpsmedothedishes.
★Myrichexperiencehelpedmegetthepromotion.
★我丰富的经验帮我获得了晋升。
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